Potterton parts 5 to 7 Back to the Main Historical Society page
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The History of Potterton


Parts 5 to 7
From the Barwicker No. 43
Sept 1996

Part 5 Tenants at the Hall



When Bathurst Edward Wilkinson left Potterton in about 1893 to live in the south of England, he retained the ownership of the Potterton, Kiddal and Woodhouse estates but the Hall was let to Sir Theophilus Peel, Bart. of Tyersall Hall, Calverley, Yorks. He was born 23 May, 1837, the third son of William and Lucy Peel of Ackworth. On 23 July 1890 he married Isabella Maria, the daughter of Edward Barnes of Clewer, Bucks. He was knighted on 2 May. 1897. He was a Justice of the Peace and Deputy Chairman of the Quarter Sessions of the West Riding. Both he and Lady Peel took an active interest in Barwick life. He acted as chairman at local events, made presentations and proposed votes of thanks on many occasions and was a generous contributer to fundraising efforts, usually connected with the churches and schools of Barwick and Scholes, but including the maypole. Lady Peel presided over the Potterton and Kiddal stall at the Whitsuntide Fæte and Bazaar at the Rectory and visited the school to present prizes shhad donated, to inspect the needlework and to hear the children sing. There were about eight indoor servants and approximately the same number outside. The Peels were regular churchgoers with their own pew in Barwick Church and they expected their servants to attend also. Every weekday morning Sir Theophilus would be driven by horse drawn vehicle to Scholes station from where he would go by train to Bradford where he had business connections in the woollen industry. He was very strict about appearancesand would draw his white-gloved hand over the horse to check if it had been properly groomed. Lady Peel's family was well connected and she had been presented at court.

On 1 May, 1901, Bathurst Edward Wilkinson died in Southsea, aged 66. He was buried in Barwick in a grave on the south-eastern side of the church with his wife Jane Annie, who had died on 25 January 1897, and their daughter Eva Bathurst (died 2 May, 1897). There is a stained glass widow in the south aisle "to the glory of God and in memory of Bathurst Edward Wilkinson, Jane Annie his wife and Eva Bathurst their daughter this window is erected, All Saints' Day, 1902." A brass plaque beneath the window and installed many years later is a memorial to two other daughters of Bathurst Edward and Jane Annie Wilkinson; Catherine Elizabeth, born 7 October, 1870, died 21 December, 1933 and Grace Tryphena, born 15 August 1878 and died 13 January 1932.

The heir to the property was the eldest son Bathurst George Wilkinson, then aged 41, who had spent the previous decade and a half in Canada. He was educated at Bishop's College, Lennoxville, Quebec, where he won the Mackie Prize for Latin in 1888. He was awarded his BA in 1890, with a 1st. class in Theology, and his MA in 1893. He was ordained deacon in 1891 and priest in 1892. For the next nine years he was Professor of Pastoral Theology at the college. In 1901, he came back to England to become curate of Albury, Surrey. In 1903, he was appointed Chaplain to St.Moritz in Switzerland. At the end of the following year he returned to Barwick, living with his wife in the Barwick rectory and supervising the religious life of the parish for three months, during a serious illness of the rector, Mr Colman (see 'The Barwicker' No.40), who was obliged to live in Italy to recover his health. Despite the sad circumstances, the short stay they spent here seems to have been a very satisfying and happy time for the m and the parish. Before they left to return to Switzerland, Mr and Mrs Wilkinson were invited on the evening of Saturday, 18 March, 1905, to a 'conversazione' in the schoolroon, which was decorated with bunting and plants. Between 120 and 130 people attended. Sir Theophilus Peel presented Mr Wilkinson with a gentlemans's dressing case which had been purchased by money raised by donations from over 100 people. Lady Peel presented Mrs Wilkinson with a silver mounted handkerchief bag which had been donated by an anonymous friend. Mr Wilkinson in his reply thanked all who had helped in the work of the parish during their short stay. He recalled that he had received a wedding present in Canada from the people of Barwick twenty years before. Then Mr Tankard spoke of the good work Mr Wilkinson had done in the parish, saying "that he had followed exactly in the footsteps of his father, who, during his lifetime and residence in Potterton, endeared himself to everyone in the district, down to the very humblest". The evening ended with in strumental music, singing and recitations. The Rev. Bathurst George Wilkinson returned to Switzerland but then held the appointment of Chaplain to Freiburg in Germany during the years 1905-6.

In 1910, Sir Theophilus and Lady Peel left to live in Guiseley and Henry Slade Childe Esq. and his wife Kate became the tenants of Potterton Hall. He was a member of the Institute of Civil Engineers and was a partner in the firm of Childe and Rowand, Civil and Mining Engineers of Wakefield. He does not seem to have been as active in Barwick life as his predecessor but his wife was the patron of a short-lived scout group in the village. Bert Howlett (see 'The Barwicker' no.20) recalls that she allowed him and other lads to use the bell tent and other equipment she had purchased. In 1911, Mr Childe was elected to the Board of Managers of Barwick School, a body which had the responsibility for the upkeep and decoration of the building and for many aspects of school life.

On 2 November, 1912, William Varley of Potterton Hall Cottage died at the age of 95 years. He had been Bailiff of the Manorial Court Leat (see 'The Barwicker' No.31) and had seen many changes in Barwick and Potterton in his long life.

On 19 December 1915, the son of Mr and Mrs Childe, 2nd. Lt. Derrick Francis Childe aged 19 of the 1st./5th. battalion of the Yorks and Lancs Fusiliers, was killed at Ypres and he is buried in Bard Cottage Cemetery, Roesinghe, Belgium. There is memorial plaque on the north aisle of the parish church and his name appears on the Barwick war memorial.

Another tablet on the west wall of the church links Potterton with the Great War. It was erected in memory of Gerald Edward Denison Wilkinson, private in the 5th. Canadian Mounted Rifles, who was killed in action in Regina Trench on 1 October 1916, aged 19. He was the only child of Alfred and Ethel Wilkinson of Lennoxville, Canada and grandson of Bathurst Edward Wilkinson of Potterton.

In 1917, Rev. Bathurst George Wilkinson put up for sale his Potterton, Kiddal and Woodhouse estates. He had continued to lead a much-travelled life .. After leaving Freiburg in 1906, he had held the following posts:
  • Rector of Illington, Norfolk, 1907-11.
  • Vicar of Nether Witton (Witton St. Margaret) Norfolk.
  • Curate of Putney (St Margaret's).
  • Curate-in-charge of Codicote, Herts.
  • Rector of Pimperne (St Peter's), Dorset.

    • His original plan was to try to sell the property as a whole which contained 1222 acres mostly in Barwick parish, the annual rental of the entire estate being £1195.11s.0d. at that time. The shooting rights were let to T G Mylchreest at an annual rent of £30. This plan was abandoned and it was eventually auctioned in 12 lots.

    Lot 1 is described as follows;
    • "Potterton Hall, with the Pleasure Grounds, Stables and Granges, Outbuildings, Lodge, Four Cottages, extensive Gardens and about 64 acres of Land, together with the plantations on the borders of this lot, containing in the whole 93 Acres, 1 Rood and 23 Perches or thereabourts. POTTERTON HALL is a charming mansion, stone built, erected in the early part of the 18th. century and enlarged and improved about 60 years later. It has a southern aspect and is delightfully placed in the midst of its own charming grounds and enjoys uninterrupted views of the surrounding country and stands 267 feet above sea level, and is sheltered by outlying woodlands.
    • The interior accommodation of the Mansion is as follows:
    • Tiled Entrance Hall, 26ft.6in. x 12ft., Drawing Room 29ft.8in. x 19ft.6in., Dining Room 29ft.6in. x 19ft.8in., with serving door, Library 22ft. x 16ft. communicating with the Boudoir 16ft. x 16ft. Combined Gun Room and Cloak Room with Lavatory and WC beyond; a wood and glazed covered side entrance with WC.
    • On the back passage are; A Business Room, Ground Floor Servants' Bathroom, Store Room, Large Kitchen, and back kitchen, Pantry, Larders, etc., Butlers' Pantry with useful fittings and plate safe and cellarage in the basement.
    • Principal and Secondary Staircases.
    • There are eight principal Bedrooms and three Dressing Rooms, two Bathrooms fitted with modern baths and equipments, three WCs and Housemaid's Closet anbd five Secondary Bedrooms.
    • The Reception Rooms are in an excellent state of decorative repair. There are several Mantels Over doors, and other work of the Adam Brothers, and a remarkably fine piece of carving on the Boudoir Mantel Piece, believed to be the genuine work of Grinling Gibbons.
    • The Outbuildings comprise, three Stables, Coach House, four Loose Boxes, Coach House with Chamber over, Mistal, Piggeries, three Motor Car Houses, Saddle Room, Store Room, two Engine Houses, Pump Room, Open Shed, Coal Shed and two other sheds, Bottle Store, Dynamo House and storage for Cells together with a large corrugated roof over part of the yard.
    • There are four cottages and Entrance Lodge.
    • The Grounds are tastefully laid out in Lawns, wide herbaceous borders with box edging, large Kitchen Garden, enclosed by old brick walls, ranges of Vineries and Greenhouses and a full sized Tennis Lawn. The Hall is fitted with a fully equipped Electric Light Plant, and the Water Supply is from wells in the yard pumped into tanks, and runs by gravitation to the Cisterns in the Hall, for Bathrooms, Lavatories, etc.
    • The Drainage System was overhauled and re-modelled some few years ago.
    • The Hall with about 64 acres is let to H S Childe, Esquire, at an annual rental of £215.
    • The Woods and Plantations are in hand."
    The sale catalogue contains much information about the parcels of land occupied, including the field names, the numbers on the 25" ordnance survey map and whether the land is arable, grass or woodland. It also includes information about such matters as the annual rental, land tax and rights of way. The other lots were:
    • Lot 2. Kiddal Hall, Farmlands and Woodlands covering 238 acres, about 50 acres of which were in Thorner. The tenant was George William Schofield.
    • Lot 3. Woodhouse Farm covering 126 acres. The tenant was John R Brown.
    • Lot 4. Fox and Grapes Inn and Farm, with 174 acres of freehold and 44 acres of copyhold land. The tenant was Craven Gilpin.
    • Lot 5. Kiddal Lane Farm, covering 117 acres of freehold land, 12 acres being in Thorner, and 16 acres of copyhold. The tenant was Peter Green.
    • Lot 6. Bar House Farm, with about 36 acres plus one acre of copyhold land. The tenant was William Lawn.
    • Lot 7. Brick Pond Farm, with 139 acres. The farm was let to William Green's representatives.
    • Lot 8. Potterton Grange Farm with 217 acres of freehold and 47 acres of copyhold land. The tenant was George O Schofield.
    • Lot 9. A House and Blacksmith's shop with a close of land called Manor Garth and Plantation containg nearly 10 acres. The tenant was Willam Dunwell.
    • Lot 10. The Toll Bar and four cottages and gardens situate at Potterton Lane End. The Toll Bar House and one of the cottages were occupied by Thomas Smith and the other three cottages by Charles Spink, William Smith and Craven Gilpin.
    • Lot 11. 34 acres of woodland called Kiddal Wood.
    • Lot 12. 35 acres of woodland called Whin Covert and Black Fen.
    Lot 11 and 12 and the other plantations named in the other lots were untenanted and said to be 'in hand'. The sale catalogue contains for each of these lots much information about the buildings and about the parcels of land occupied, as described above. Lot 8, Potterton Grange Farm, was bought by Mrs Dransfield, whose family lived there for several decades.


    Whatever success Rev Bathurst George Wilkinson had in selling other parts of his estate, he did not manage to dispose of Potterton Hall and Park. Kelly's 'Directory of the West Riding for 1922 states that he was still the owner of the hall and 100 acres of park land and that Mr Childe was in residence there.

    In March 1919, a committee was set up to raise money to build a monument to those from the village who died in the war. Henry Slade Childe, the tenant of Potterton Hall, was the chairman of the committee as well as being a generous contributor. The war memorial was erected on the plinth of the old cross in the village centre. It was unveiled on Saturday 27 March by Mrs Childe (See 'The Barwicker No.39)



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    Part 6 A View from the Servants' Quarters

    In the mid 1920s the Hall was purchased by Major Alan Wood JP. Kelly's Directory of the West Riding for 1927 tells us that the Hall, then standing in park land reduced to 65 acres, was the property and residence of Mr Wood. He married Millicent Scott and they had previously resided at Trimdon Grange, County Durham, from where they moved to Godalming before buying the Potterton property.

    At the Jubilee ceremonies of 1935 celebrating 25 years of the reign of King George V, Major Wood distributed presents to Barwick schoolchildren on behalf of the Tadcaster Rural District Council.

    We are grateful to Mrs Audrey Green (náe Joynes) for her memories of domestic life at Potterton Hall in those days.

    On a wintry day in February 1937, a young (teenage) Audrey Joynes left her home in Allerton Bywater to be chauffeur-driven through a snow-laden landscape to begin work, and a new way of life, at Potterton Hall, near Barwick-in-Elmet. She was due to join the staff, as kitchen maid to Mr Alan Wood J.P., his wife Millicent and their daughter Mary, at the eighteenth century stone-built mansion at Potterton. A listed building of great architectural interest, the property is now divided into three separate residences.

    Other members of the domestic staff, resident at the hall, were the parlour maid, or lady butler (rather prim and proper!), head housemaid, under housemaid and the cook, Mrs Eden, of Scottish descent. Audrey shared one of the two second floor attic rooms with the under housemaid; the parlour maid occupying a first floor room, with her own butler's pantry sanctum on the ground floor.

    It was an early 7.00am start for the staff in coping with the many and varied household duties required in the service of the extensive (seven-bedroomed) residence cum mansion. The accommodation, at the time, basically included a large 26 foot long entrance hall either side of which were the south facing drawing room and dining rooms. Overlooking the west side rose garden were the two sitting rooms. one of which served as a library, and the gun room/cum cloak room. A long central passageway led to the butler's pantry, servants' hall, stone floored main kitchen and back kitchen/scullery, with adjacent game stores and larders.

    The two main bedrooms, dressing rooms, bathrooms, and a billiard room, all on the first floor, were reached by both a principal and a secondary staircase at each end of the building. All habitable rooms had coal fireplaces. It is understood that there are extensive vaulted cellars in the basement.

    In her early days at the hall, Audrey was just able to reach the fairly high kitchen work-top, an obvious necessity when helping cook prepare meals, which sometimes involved the skinning of rabbits and plucking pheasants and other game birds 'destined for the cooking pot'. Two coal/coke stoves were used for cooking and providing hot water whilst an outside generator was available for elctric supply purposes.

    The household staff were generally allocated particular duties, with the lower housemaid attending to the principal bedrooms and other first floor quarters, whilst the parlour maid, 'served at the table' during meal times, and dealt with the other 'attendant' duties. In addition to breakfast and lunch, the daily routine included afternoon tea, usually taken in the sitting room, and an evening dinner served at 7.00pm in the main dining room, a cold supper being prepared, as an alternative, on Sundays.

    Staff meals were taken in the kitchen, and any mid-afternoon respite, and free time in the evening, usually after completion of dinner duties, was spent in the communal servants' hall (or back kitchen), bed-time being about 10 o'clock. These were relatively long working days (Sundays being no exception) involving a full measure of toil and 'elbow grease', circumstances that were, apparently uncomplainingly accepted and tackled with staunch resolve; 'you just got on with it!'.

    The kitchen maid's wage at the time was 10s 0d per month, with 'bed and board', (not en-suite, the servants bathroom being on the first floor). The laundry room, which was the province of the housemaid, was at the end corner of the cottages opposite the lodge gates. White working aprons were worn during the morning sessions, with more formal wear of white frilled edged aprons and white cuffs being donned after mid-day.

    Guests were regularly entertained at the hall and shooting parties held on the estate, on which occasions hampers of food and refreshments were in demand.

    It was the custom of Mrs Millicent Wood to be driven into Harrogate by Mr Dawson, the chauffeur, to do the weekly shopping, whilst other victuals were supplied by Fred Lumb's grocery shop in Barwick. Mr Dawson, who had charge of two cars (a Rover and a Wolsley), lived with his wife Emily, their son Peter and daughters Eileen and Kathleen in one of the detached cottages.

    A weekly half day off duty allowed Audrey to visit her parents at Allerton Bywater, usually cycling to Garforth Town End and completing the journey from there by bus. On occasions she would forsake the bicycle and walk to Garforth, an activity still regularly pursued.

    Every fortnight, on Monday evenings, there was free time from 6.00 until 10.00pm when Audrey and a friend would usually travel into Leeds by bus to visit one of the cinemas. The bus fare from Kiddal Lane End was 1s.0d and 1s.1d from Potterton Lane.

    The main summer holiday break was taken when Mr and Mrs Wood went away on their three week vacation, the staff returning after a fortnight to undertake a major 'spring clean' of the premises.

    The extensive grounds, with herbaceous borders, lawns, enclosed kitchen garden and greenhouses with ranges of vines, were all in the zealous care of head gardener Thomas Bell, who was assisted by his son Jack and Fred Tennant (a 1939-45 war casualty whose name is recorded on the Barwick War Memorial). In addition to the regular supply of greens from the kitchen garden, peaches, grapes and nectarines were often products resulting from their horticultural endeavours in the greenhouses.

    Thomas Bell lived with his wife Isabella and family in one of the estate cottages whilst his son Jack and wife Elsie (who helped with domestic duties in the hall) resided in the entrance lodge. Thomas was a loyal and by this time long-serving employee of the Wood family, being head gardener at their previous Trimdon Grange residence in County Durham, moving with them to Cheltenham, before coming to Potterton Hall.

    Over a period of time, staff changes and a recognised ability to 'just get on with it' enabled Audrey to attain the position of parlour maid or lady butler. The onset of war, however, exacted a major upheaval in the household, when all were obliged to move out, on the premises being requisitioned and taken over by the army.

    During the early war years, in contrast to her previous indoor occupation, Audrey joined the Women's Land Army, being stationed at Sherburn-in-Elmet. The all-weather working conditions presented a healthy and apparently quite acceptable way of life.

    Having previously met and in time 'formed an understanding' with Mr Reginald (Reg) Green, who worked with his father William, at Brickpond Farm, Potterton, the couple were married in 1944, taking up residence in Rose Cottage, then still part of the Potterton Estate. By this time Mr Edward Horner, a market gardener with other property at Rothwell Haigh, had become the new owner of Potterton Hall.

    Mrs Audrey Green, now a widow, (husband Reg having sadly died in 1993) maintains a regular walking routine, occasionally venturing from her home in Barwick to Potterton. Here at the lodge gates would seem to be a suitable location to pause and reflect on the memories of a time, and way of life, gone by.

    Early in 1941, Potterton Hall and the Park were taken over by the military as part of the war effort. Someone at the time recorded some relevant dates on the back of a store door at Potterton which has survived the subsequent changes.

    These dates are:

    During the war a mobile tractor battery, the 6th. Heavy Anti-Aircraft tractor Battery was based at Potterton Hall for a considerable period. The transport was deployed in the wooded area on the east side of Potterton Lane. The officer in charge was Captain Bird and the senior NCO was Sgt Major Sampson. An estimated 30-40 personnel were accommodated at the Hall. The unit had a large room and villagers remember that they had an open day there. The village players held concerts at the Hall.

    The Barwick Home Guard had some contact with the army unit at Potterton attending lectures on map reading, etc. and assistance with transport was sometimes provided. When the Home Guard held its annual dinner at Garforth, the officers and senior NCOs of the Potterton unit would be invited. The army unit took part in the Armistice Day parades in Barwick.



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    Part 7 Post War Potterton

    In 1946 Potterton Hall was bought by Mr Edward Horner, a member of a well-known local farming family. His father had Glebe Farm, Rothwell, a mixed farm with rhubarb as the main crop. Edward's uncle, T J (Tommy) Horner, was familiar to older Barwickers as the owner of the large scale rhubarb forcing concern in Scholes in the early part of the century.

    Edward took over Glebe Farm from his father in 1937 and decided to concentrate on the production of pigs, which had formerly been used as a source of high quality manure for rhubarb growing. The war, inadequate buildings and later problems arising from coal mining caused him to look elsewhere and he bought Kirklington Grange Farm, Kirklington, in the North Riding in 1944 and Potterton Hall in 1946, building up a thriving pig rearing business. He retained the property at Rothwell Haigh until 1956. We have derived much material from an article in a farming magazine of the time.

    At Kirklington he raised Aberdeen Angus cattle and grew cereals on the 90 acres of arable land, the whole of the 140 tons of oats, barley and wheat produced being taken to Potterton to provide the major part of the homegrown cereal fraction of the meals for the pigs raised at Potterton. Of the 71 acres of Potterton park, the arable land was let off and the land in hand was devoted to pig units. The breeding stock was divided between Potterton and Kirklington to reduce the effect of an outbreak of swine fever or foot-and-mouth. The weaners from Kirklington were brought to Potterton at 9 to 12 weeks old.

    In 1953, he erected the first of two Danish-type piggeries. This was 150 ft. long, brick built with a twin-skin asbestos roof, 12 pens each side - 24 in all - with a straw store holding four months supply at one end and a meal house with 14 days supply at the other. It was free from the twin evils of draughts and condensation. In 1955 he opened a second unit almost identical to the first. The total output of the units was almost 1000 bacon pigs a year. They are another example of the many and varied products of Potterton throughout its history.

    Edward Horner's female breeding stock were mainly first crosses based on Wessex, Large White and Landrace. Wessex blood was most dominant and Landrace least. All the females were put to Large White boars. He contended that the British breeds could produce better bacon than Danish and the tail board of his lorry proclaimed the message that "British Bacon Tastes Best".

    In time Edward Horner handed the business over to his two sons, Edward David and Frederick. He could then devote his attention to his few Guernsey cattle, which were practically house cows, and to the raising of orchids in his greenhouse. Like his predecessors at Potterton, Mr Horner took a keen interest in the life of the village. He arranged for parties of the children from Barwick school to look round his gardens at Potterton. In June 1954, he visited the school and showed a cine film he had made of that year's Maypole celebrations. Mr Holmes, the headmaster, reported that this "very fine piece of photography" was much appreciated by the children. In 1966, he offered a reward of £10 for information leading to the recovery of the top section of the Barwick maypole which had been stolen from Hall Tower Field a few days before the raising day. Just before he left Barwick in 1970, Edward Horner presented the school with a 27in. television set.

    The property was purchased by Mr Johnson and a few years later the Hall and surroundings were divided into three separate dwellings, the situation that applies today.

    In October 1982, five stuctures within Potterton Park were designated listed buildings, (see 'The Barwicker No.40). They are:

    Details of these listed buildings will be given in future articles.

    On 5 June, 1996, Barwick-in-Elmet Historical Society paid a visit to Potterton Park. We drove in through the gateway with its listed piers and railings and through the woodland with its two century-old trees, (some of them protected), passing behind the Hall. For many in the party it was their first visit to this private world and others had not beeen there for many years. We were greeted by Mr William Beattie who is at present converting the massive mid-18th. century barn from its present time-worn state into three dwellings. The magnificent double arches of the central passage way are being preserved in the design. A path to the main entrance and a rockery garden are being constructed.The old pond, a short distance to the north of the barn is being re-lined prior to being stocked with fish, and ornamental shrubs are being planted on its banks. An impressive stone built tunnel, termed a 'sough', has been revealed which was clearly used in the past to carry the overflow water from the pond. To the east there is a wide brick-lined circular pit, perhaps 15 ft deep, the use for which is unknown but at some time in the past it was a repository for empty bottles. Farther on stand the two long brick-built pig sheds erected by Edward Horner in the 1950s and now no longer used. Nearby are his greenhouses, now much dilapidated, where once he grew his prize orchids. A gate opens into an extensive walled garden, neglected now that full-time gardeners are no longer employed at the Hall.

    Mrs Sheila Cartwright invited us into her home, the west wing of the Hall (c.1740) and we were able to see many of the features described in the listings of this Grade II* building. We crossed the delightful garden to the impressive south front of the hall (c.1800) where we met Mr Ian MacFarlane who lives there. From the front there is an an extensive vista across the grassland extending past the trees to the farmland beyond - with no habitation in sight. Led by Mr MacFarlane, we walked across this open space and then through the trees to the lower lake and beyond this to the ornamental stone-carved well head and troughs, which are listed grade II. To the west we crossed the low-lying area where more than two centuries ago the tan pits and the tan house stood. Coffee hospitably served in Mrs Cartwright's conservatory ended a most enjoyable evening in a place of great beauty and interest.

    We have tried to show in these articles that Potterton, a settlement of never more than about a dozen dwellings, has a history of its own, distinct from Barwick. How many other such places within the parish have their own story?

    When Mr Beattie's renovations are complete, the number of dwellings within the old boundaries of Potterton will rise to 13. It is good to find that this ancient settlement with such an interesting history has survived the rural decay that has destroyed so many similar places and that its story will continue for many years to come .



    TONY COX and ARTHUR BANTOFT


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